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O que são pre_tasks do Ansible? Como atualizar o sistema operacional, instalar o Python e instalar o JRE no host remoto [Linux]?

Publicados: 2019-05-10

O que são pre_tasks do Ansible? Como atualizar o sistema operacional, instalar o Python e instalar o JDK no host remoto

O que são pre_tasks no Ansible?

pre_tasks é uma tarefa que o Ansible executa antes de executar qualquer tasks mencionada no arquivo .yml .

Considere este cenário. Você provisionou uma nova instância na nuvem Amazon EC2 ou Google Cloud . A primeira coisa que você precisa fazer é instalar as atualizações do sistema operacional. Em seguida, instale o Python mais recente, instale o Java e assim por diante.

Depois que todas as pré-tarefas acima forem concluídas, você precisará copiar seu aplicativo e iniciar esses aplicativos. É muito obrigatório instalar todos os binários básicos antes de copiar as dependências do aplicativo.

Neste tutorial, veremos todos os detalhes sobre como executar pré-tarefas usando a tag pre_task do pre_task .

O que são pre_tasks do Ansible? Atualizar sistema operacional, instalar Python e instalar JRE no host remoto?

Seguiremos o cenário abaixo neste tutorial:

  1. crie o arquivo crunchify-hosts file e adicione um IP no qual executaremos pre_task.
  2. crie o arquivo crunchify-install-python-java.yml que é um playbook ansible.
    • pre_task: instale python-simplejson
    • pre_task: instale python-minimal
    • pre_task: instalar atualização do sistema
    • pre_task: instale o JRE mais recente
  3. Obter versão do Python
  4. Obtenha a versão do Java
  5. Imprimir todos os resultados de depuração
  6. execute o comando ansible-playbook -i ./crunchify-hosts crunchify-install-python-java.yml que executará todas as nossas tarefas

arquivo crunchify-hosts

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[ local ]
localhost ansible_connection = local ansible_python_interpreter = python
 
[ crunchify ]
13.58.187.197
 
[ crunchify : vars ]
ansible_ssh_user = ubuntu
ansible_ssh_private_key_file =/ Users / crunchify / Documents / ansible / crunchify . pem
ansible_python_interpreter =/ usr / bin / python3

Aqui, como você vê, estou usando o arquivo crunchify.pem para autenticação sem senha. Eu posso simplesmente me conectar ao meu host sem nenhum prompt de senha.

arquivo crunchify-install-python-java.yml

Estamos usando a palavra-chave register no Ansible para registrar a variável. Ele armazena o valor de retorno de tarefas raw .

Com a ajuda de debug e stdout_lines , você pode imprimir o resultado na linha de comando.

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---
- hosts : crunchify
   become : yes
 
   pre_tasks :
     - raw : sudo apt - get - y install python - simplejson
       register : py_simple_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get - y install python - minimal
       register : py_minimal_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get update
       register : system_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get install - y default - jre
       register : java_output
 
   tasks :
  
    - debug :
         var = py_simple_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = py_minimal_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = system_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = java_output . stdout_lines
 
    - name : get Python version
       shell : python -- version 2 > &1
       register : py_output
    
    - debug :
         var = py_output . stdout_lines
      
    - name : get Java version
       shell : java -- version 2 > &1
       register : java_output
    
    - debug :
         var = java_output . stdout_lines

Comando de execução:

ansible-playbook -i ./crunchify-hosts crunchify-install-python-java.yml

Saída Ansible:

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bash1 . 2 $ ansible - playbook - i . / crunchify - hosts crunchify - install - python - java . yml
 
PLAY [ crunchify ] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
TASK [ Gathering Facts ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_simple_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "python-simplejson is already the newest version (3.13.2-1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_minimal_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "python-minimal is already the newest version (2.7.15~rc1-1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "system_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "0% [Working]" ,
         "            " ,
         "Hit:1 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "                                                      " ,
         "Hit:2 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "                                                      " ,
         "Get:3 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]" ,
         "" ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "0% [1 InRelease gpgv 242 kB] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)" ,
         "                                                                               " ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "0% [2 InRelease gpgv 88.7 kB] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162" ,
         "                                                                               " ,
         "0% [Waiting for headers]" ,
         "0% [3 InRelease gpgv 74.6 kB] [Waiting for headers]" ,
         "                                                   " ,
         "Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "                                                   " ,
         "0% [3 InRelease gpgv 74.6 kB]" ,
         "                             " ,
         "0% [Working]" ,
         "0% [4 InRelease gpgv 88.7 kB]" ,
         "                             " ,
         "100% [Working]" ,
         "              " ,
         "Fetched 74.6 kB in 0s (249 kB/s)" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 5%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 8%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 53%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 79%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 99%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         ""
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "java_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "default-jre is already the newest version (2:1.11-68ubuntu1~18.04.1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ get Python version ] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "Python 2.7.15rc1"
     ]
}
 
TASK [ get Java version ] ********************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "java_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "openjdk 11.0.2 2019-01-15" ,
         "OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.2+9-Ubuntu-3ubuntu118.04.3)" ,
         "OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.2+9-Ubuntu-3ubuntu118.04.3, mixed mode, sharing)"
     ]
}
 
PLAY RECAP * ********************************************************************************************************************************************************
13.58.187.197                : ok = 13    changed = 6      unreachable = 0      failed = 0   

É isso.

Como você vê, neste tutorial instalamos Python, java e atualizações do sistema no host remoto. Além disso, retornou o resultado de volta para a janela do terminal mac.

Qual é o próximo?

Tente verificar o tutorial sobre como copiar arquivo, diretório ou script do host local para o host remoto.