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Che cos'è Ansible pre_tasks? Come aggiornare il sistema operativo, installare Python e installare JRE su host remoto [Linux]?

Pubblicato: 2019-05-10

Che cos'è Ansible pre_tasks? Come aggiornare il sistema operativo, installare Python e installare JDK su host remoto

Che cos'è pre_tasks in Ansible?

pre_tasks è un'attività che Ansible esegue prima di eseguire qualsiasi tasks menzionata nel file .yml .

Considera questo scenario. Hai eseguito il provisioning di una nuova istanza su Amazon EC2 cloud o Google Cloud . La prima cosa che devi fare è installare gli aggiornamenti del sistema operativo. Quindi installa l'ultimo Python, Installa Java e così via.

Una volta che tutte le attività preliminari precedenti sono state completate, è necessario copiare l'applicazione e avviare tali applicazioni. È molto obbligatorio installare tutti i binari di base prima di copiare le dipendenze dell'applicazione.

In questo tutorial esamineremo tutti i dettagli su come eseguire le attività preliminari utilizzando il tag pre_task di Ansible.

Che cos'è Ansible pre_tasks? Aggiorna il sistema operativo, installa Python e installa JRE su host remoto?

Seguiremo lo scenario seguente in questo tutorial:

  1. crea il file crunchify-hosts e aggiungi un IP su cui eseguiremo pre_task.
  2. crea il file crunchify-install-python-java.yml che è un playbook ansible.
    • pre_attività: installa python-simplejson
    • pre_task: installa python-minimal
    • pre_attività: installa l'aggiornamento del sistema
    • pre_attività: installa l'ultimo JRE
  3. Ottieni la versione Python
  4. Ottieni la versione Java
  5. Stampa tutti i risultati del debug
  6. esegui il comando ansible-playbook -i ./crunchify-hosts crunchify-install-python-java.yml che eseguirà tutte le nostre attività

crunchify-hosts file

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[ local ]
localhost ansible_connection = local ansible_python_interpreter = python
 
[ crunchify ]
13.58.187.197
 
[ crunchify : vars ]
ansible_ssh_user = ubuntu
ansible_ssh_private_key_file =/ Users / crunchify / Documents / ansible / crunchify . pem
ansible_python_interpreter =/ usr / bin / python3

Qui come vedi sto usando il file crunchify.pem per l'autenticazione senza password. Posso semplicemente connettermi al mio host senza alcuna richiesta di password.

crunchify-install-python-java.yml

Stiamo usando la parola chiave register in Ansible per registrare la variabile. Memorizza il valore di ritorno delle attività raw .

Con l'aiuto di debug e stdout_lines , puoi stampare il risultato sulla riga di comando.

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---
- hosts : crunchify
   become : yes
 
   pre_tasks :
     - raw : sudo apt - get - y install python - simplejson
       register : py_simple_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get - y install python - minimal
       register : py_minimal_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get update
       register : system_output
     - raw : sudo apt - get install - y default - jre
       register : java_output
 
   tasks :
  
    - debug :
         var = py_simple_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = py_minimal_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = system_output . stdout_lines
 
    - debug :
         var = java_output . stdout_lines
 
    - name : get Python version
       shell : python -- version 2 > &1
       register : py_output
    
    - debug :
         var = py_output . stdout_lines
      
    - name : get Java version
       shell : java -- version 2 > &1
       register : java_output
    
    - debug :
         var = java_output . stdout_lines

Esegui comando:

ansible-playbook -i ./crunchify-hosts crunchify-install-python-java.yml

Uscita sensibile:

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bash1 . 2 $ ansible - playbook - i . / crunchify - hosts crunchify - install - python - java . yml
 
PLAY [ crunchify ] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************
 
TASK [ Gathering Facts ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ raw ] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_simple_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "python-simplejson is already the newest version (3.13.2-1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_minimal_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "python-minimal is already the newest version (2.7.15~rc1-1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "system_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "0% [Working]" ,
         "            " ,
         "Hit:1 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "                                                      " ,
         "Hit:2 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "                                                      " ,
         "Get:3 http://us-east-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]" ,
         "" ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "0% [1 InRelease gpgv 242 kB] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)" ,
         "                                                                               " ,
         "0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162)]" ,
         "0% [2 InRelease gpgv 88.7 kB] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.162" ,
         "                                                                               " ,
         "0% [Waiting for headers]" ,
         "0% [3 InRelease gpgv 74.6 kB] [Waiting for headers]" ,
         "                                                   " ,
         "Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease" ,
         "" ,
         "                                                   " ,
         "0% [3 InRelease gpgv 74.6 kB]" ,
         "                             " ,
         "0% [Working]" ,
         "0% [4 InRelease gpgv 88.7 kB]" ,
         "                             " ,
         "100% [Working]" ,
         "              " ,
         "Fetched 74.6 kB in 0s (249 kB/s)" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 5%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 8%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 53%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 79%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 99%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         ""
     ]
}
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "java_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... 100%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading package lists... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree... 50%" ,
         "" ,
         "Building dependency tree       " ,
         "" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... 0%" ,
         "" ,
         "Reading state information... Done" ,
         "" ,
         "default-jre is already the newest version (2:1.11-68ubuntu1~18.04.1)." ,
         "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded."
     ]
}
 
TASK [ get Python version ] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "py_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "Python 2.7.15rc1"
     ]
}
 
TASK [ get Java version ] ********************************************************************************************************************************************
changed : [ 13.58.187.197 ]
 
TASK [ debug ] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok : [ 13.58.187.197 ] = > {
     "java_output.stdout_lines" : [
         "openjdk 11.0.2 2019-01-15" ,
         "OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.2+9-Ubuntu-3ubuntu118.04.3)" ,
         "OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.2+9-Ubuntu-3ubuntu118.04.3, mixed mode, sharing)"
     ]
}
 
PLAY RECAP * ********************************************************************************************************************************************************
13.58.187.197                : ok = 13    changed = 6      unreachable = 0      failed = 0   

Questo è tutto.

Come vedi, in questo tutorial abbiamo installato Python, java e aggiornamenti di sistema su host remoto. Inoltre, ha restituito il risultato al terminale mac Window.

Qual è il prossimo?

Prova a dare un'occhiata al tutorial su Come copiare file, directory o script da localhost a host remoto.