Java中一個簡單的單鍊錶實現

已發表: 2013-11-27

Java中的單鍊錶實現

在本教程中，我將展示 Java 中單鍊錶的簡單實現。

鍊錶是內存中的一系列節點，例如：

  • 有一個起始節點。
  • 每個節點都包含一個指向下一個或子節點的指針。
  • 如果節點沒有子節點，則其指針設置為 NULL。
  • 每個節點都包含數據，也許很多。
  • 鍊錶還具有通過執行添加、刪除、更改節點的數據、返回節點的數量等來管理列表的功能。

如果您有以下任何問題，那麼您在正確的博客文章中：

  • 如何刪除鍊錶中的給定節點
  • 刪除單鍊錶中間的一個節點
  • 單鍊錶 :: 刪除（刪除）
  • 從單鍊錶中刪除節點

鍊錶的用途與數組相同。 但是，鍊錶有一些優點：數組是固定大小的（除非它是動態分配的），鍊錶可以根據需要通過從堆中獲取新內存來增長。 如果將列表存儲在數組中，然後在中間刪除一個項目，那麼您必須將很多項目向下移動一個以縮小差距。 但是在鍊錶中，您只需重新路由要刪除的節點周圍的指針，然後刪除它。

下面是單鍊錶的簡單實現：

CrunchifyNode.java
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package com . crunchify . tutorials ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
*
*/
 
public class CrunchifyNode <V> {
     // instance variables
     private V element ;
     private CrunchifyNode <V> next ;
 
     // constructor first
     public CrunchifyNode ( ) {
         this ( null , null ) ;
     }
 
     public CrunchifyNode ( V element , CrunchifyNode <V> next ) {
         this . element = element ;
         this . next = next ;
     }
 
     public V getElement ( ) {
         return element ;
     }
 
     public CrunchifyNode <V> getNext ( ) {
         return next ;
     }
 
     public void setElement ( V element ) {
         this . element = element ;
     }
 
     public void setNext ( CrunchifyNode <V> next ) {
         this . next = next ;
     }
 
}

CrunchifySinglyLinkedList.java
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package com . crunchify . tutorials ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
*
*/
 
public class CrunchifySinglyLinkedList <V> {
     // Instance Variables. Add the tail reference.
     protected CrunchifyNode <V> head , tail ;
     protected long size ;
 
     // Empty list constructor first
     public CrunchifySinglyLinkedList ( ) {
         head = null ;
         tail = null ;
         size = 0 ;
     }
 
     // Method to add CrunchifyNodes to the list. Storage space for the CrunchifyNode is already allocated in the calling method
     public void addFirst ( CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNode ) {
         // Set the tail only if this is the very first CrunchifyNode
         if ( tail == null )
             tail = CrunchifyNode ;
         CrunchifyNode . setNext ( head ) ; // Make next of the new CrunchifyNode refer to the head
         head = CrunchifyNode ; // Give head a new value
 
         // change the size
         size ++ ;
     }
 
     // Add new CrunchifyNode after current CrunchifyNode, checking to see if we are at the tail
     public void addAfter ( CrunchifyNode <V> currentCrunchifyNode , CrunchifyNode <V> newCrunchifyNode ) {
         if ( currentCrunchifyNode == tail )
             tail = newCrunchifyNode ;
         newCrunchifyNode . setNext ( currentCrunchifyNode . getNext ( ) ) ;
         currentCrunchifyNode . setNext ( newCrunchifyNode ) ;
 
         // change the size
         size ++ ;
     }
 
     // Add new CrunchifyNode after the tail CrunchifyNode.
     public void addLast ( CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNode ) {
         CrunchifyNode . setNext ( null ) ;
         tail . setNext ( CrunchifyNode ) ;
         tail = CrunchifyNode ;
         size ++ ;
     }
 
     // Methods to remove CrunchifyNodes from the list. (Unfortunately, with a single linked list. there is no way to remove last. Need a previous reference to do that.
     public CrunchifyNode <V> removeFirst ( ) {
         if ( head == null )
             System . err . println ( "Error:  Attempt to remove from an empty list" ) ;
 
         // save the one to return
         CrunchifyNode <V> temp = head ;
 
         // do reference manipulation
         head = head . getNext ( ) ;
         temp . setNext ( null ) ;
         size -- ;
 
         return temp ;
 
     }
 
     // Remove the CrunchifyNode at the end of the list. tail refers to this CrunchifyNode, but since the list is single linked, there is no way to refer to the CrunchifyNode before the tail CrunchifyNode. Need to traverse the list.
     public CrunchifyNode <V> removeLast ( ) {
         // Declare local variables/objects
         CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNodeBefore ;
         CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNodeToRemove ;
 
         // Make sure we have something to remove
         if ( size == 0 )
             System . err . println ( "Error:  Attempt to remove fron an empty list" ) ;
 
         // Traverse through the list, getting a reference to the CrunchifyNode before the trailer. Since there is no previous reference.
         CrunchifyNodeBefore = getFirst ( ) ;
 
         for ( int count = 0 ; count < size - 2 ; count ++ )
             CrunchifyNodeBefore = CrunchifyNodeBefore . getNext ( ) ;
 
         // Save the last CrunchifyNode
         CrunchifyNodeToRemove = tail ;
 
         // Let's do the pointer manipulation
         CrunchifyNodeBefore . setNext ( null ) ;
         tail = CrunchifyNodeBefore ;
         size -- ;
 
         return CrunchifyNodeToRemove ;
     }
 
     // Remove a known CrunchifyNode from the list. No need to search or return a value. This method makes use of a 'before' reference in order to allow list manipulation.
     public void remove ( CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNodeToRemove ) {
         // Declare local variables/references
         CrunchifyNode <V> CrunchifyNodeBefore , currentCrunchifyNode ;
 
         // Make sure we have something to remove
         if ( size == 0 )
             System . err . println ( "Error:  Attempt to remove fron an empty list" ) ;
 
         // Starting at the beginning check for removal
         currentCrunchifyNode = getFirst ( ) ;
         if ( currentCrunchifyNode == CrunchifyNodeToRemove )
             removeFirst ( ) ;
         currentCrunchifyNode = getLast ( ) ;
         if ( currentCrunchifyNode == CrunchifyNodeToRemove )
             removeLast ( ) ;
 
         // We've already check two CrunchifyNodes, check the rest
         if ( size - 2 > 0 ) {
             CrunchifyNodeBefore = getFirst ( ) ;
             currentCrunchifyNode = getFirst ( ) . getNext ( ) ;
             for ( int count = 0 ; count < size - 2 ; count ++ ) {
                 if ( currentCrunchifyNode == CrunchifyNodeToRemove ) {
                     // remove current CrunchifyNode
                     CrunchifyNodeBefore . setNext ( currentCrunchifyNode . getNext ( ) ) ;
                     size -- ;
                     break ;
                 }
 
                 // Change references
                 CrunchifyNodeBefore = currentCrunchifyNode ;
                 currentCrunchifyNode = currentCrunchifyNode . getNext ( ) ;
             }
         }
 
     }
 
     // The gets to return the head and/or tail CrunchifyNodes and size of the list
     public CrunchifyNode <V> getFirst ( ) {
         return head ;
     }
 
     public CrunchifyNode <V> getLast ( ) {
         return tail ;
     }
 
     public long getSize ( ) {
         return size ;
     }
 
}

如果您發現任何錯誤或其他未正確處理的情況，請隨時提供您的評論:)。 非常感謝您的反饋。