Come eseguire più thread contemporaneamente in Java? Approccio ExecutorService

Pubblicato: 2021-10-09
Come eseguire più thread contemporaneamente in Java? Approccio ExecutorService

Diamo un'occhiata a questo esempio di nuovo: come ottenere lo stato del ping di qualsiasi endpoint HTTP in Java?

Hai notato l'esecuzione del thread per quell'esempio? È sequenziale. What if you have 500 endpoints? Scommetto che devi aspettare almeno 5 minuti per ottenere il risultato. Che sono sicuro non è la soluzione migliore.

E adesso? La domanda corretta sarebbe:

  • Come eseguire più thread contemporaneamente?
  • Come implementare più thread in Java?
  • Come posso eseguire thread diversi in Java?
  • Java – Dov'è il tutorial sulla programmazione multithread?
  • Discussione: Come utilizzare più thread per velocizzare l'elaborazione?

ExecutorService Approach è la tua risposta.

Un Executor che fornisce metodi per gestire la terminazione e metodi che possono produrre un Future per tenere traccia dell'avanzamento di una o più attività asincrone.

Un ExecutorService può essere chiuso, il che causerà il rifiuto di nuove attività. Vengono forniti due metodi diversi per arrestare un ExecutorService. Il metodo shutdown() consentirà l'esecuzione delle attività inviate in precedenza prima della fine, mentre il metodo shutdownNow() impedisce l'avvio delle attività in attesa e tenta di interrompere le attività attualmente in esecuzione.

Al termine, un esecutore non ha attività in esecuzione attivamente, nessuna attività in attesa di esecuzione e nessuna nuova attività può essere inviata. Un ExecutorService inutilizzato deve essere arrestato per consentire il recupero delle sue risorse.

Il metodo submit estende il metodo di base Executor.execute ( java.lang.Runnable ) creando e restituendo un Future che può essere utilizzato per annullare l'esecuzione e/o attendere il completamento. I metodi invokeAny e invokeAll eseguono le forme più comunemente utili di esecuzione in blocco, eseguendo una raccolta di attività e quindi aspettando che almeno una, o tutte, vengano completate. (È possibile utilizzare Class ExecutorCompletionService per scrivere varianti personalizzate di questi metodi.)

La classe Executors fornisce metodi di fabbrica per i servizi executor forniti in questo pacchetto.

  • java – ExecutorService, come attendere il completamento di tutte le attività?
  • Una guida al Java ExecutorService
  • Java Thread Pool – Spiegazione ExecutorService

Di seguito è riportato un semplice esempio Java che spiega l' usage of ExecutorService .

Java
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package crunchify . com . tutorials ;
 
import java . net . HttpURLConnection ;
import java . net . URL ;
import java . util . concurrent . ExecutorService ;
import java . util . concurrent . Executors ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
* How to Run Multiple Threads Concurrently in Java? ExecutorService Approach.
*/
 
public class CrunchifyGetPingStatusWithExecutorService {
private static final int crunchifyThreads = 30 ;
public static void main ( String [ ] args ) throws Exception {
// Executors: Factory and utility methods for Executor, ExecutorService, ScheduledExecutorService, ThreadFactory, and Callable classes defined in this package.
// ExecutorService: An Executor that provides methods to manage termination and methods that can produce a Future for tracking progress of one or more asynchronous tasks.
// An ExecutorService can be shut down, which will cause it to reject new tasks.
// Two different methods are provided for shutting down an ExecutorService.
// The shutdown method will allow previously submitted tasks to execute before terminating, while the shutdownNow method prevents waiting tasks from starting and attempts to stop currently executing tasks.
// Upon termination, an executor has no tasks actively executing, no tasks awaiting execution, and no new tasks can be submitted.
// An unused ExecutorService should be shut down to allow reclamation of its resources.
ExecutorService executor = Executors . newFixedThreadPool ( crunchifyThreads ) ;
// newFixedThreadPool(): Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue.
// At any point, at most nThreads threads will be active processing tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
// If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks
String [ ] crunchifyList = {
"https://crunchify.com" ,
"https://yahoo.com" ,
"https://www.ebay.com" ,
"https://google.com" ,
"https://www.example.co" ,
"https://paypal.com" ,
"http://bing.com/" ,
"https://techcrunch.com/" ,
"http://mashable.com/" ,
"https://pro.crunchify.com/" ,
"https://wordpress.com/" ,
"https://wordpress.org/" ,
"https://example.com/" ,
"https://sjsu.edu/" ,
"https://ask.crunchify.com/" ,
"https://test.com.au/" ,
"https://www.wikipedia.org/" ,
"https://en.wikipedia.org"
} ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < crunchifyList . length ; i ++ ) {
String url = crunchifyList [ i ] ;
Runnable worker = new MyRunnable ( url ) ;
// execute(): Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread,
// or in the calling thread, at the discretion of the Executor implementation.
executor . execute ( worker ) ;
}
// shutdown(): Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
// Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
// This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to complete execution. Use awaitTermination to do that.
executor . shutdown ( ) ;
// Wait until all threads are finish
// Returns true if all tasks have completed following shut down.
// Note that isTerminated is never true unless either shutdown or shutdownNow was called first.
while ( ! executor . isTerminated ( ) ) {
     // empty body
}
System . out . println ( "\nFinished all threads" ) ;
}
// Runnable: The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread.
// The class must define a method of no arguments called run.
public static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private final String url ;
MyRunnable ( String url ) {
this . url = url ;
}
@Override
public void run ( ) {
String result = "" ;
int code = 200 ;
try {
URL siteURL = new URL ( url ) ;
// HttpURLConnection: A URLConnection with support for HTTP-specific features. See the spec for details.
// openConnection(): Returns a URLConnection instance that represents a connection to the remote object referred to by the URL.
HttpURLConnection connection = ( HttpURLConnection ) siteURL . openConnection ( ) ;
// setRequestMethod: Set the method for the URL request, one of:
//GET
//POST
//HEAD
//OPTIONS
//PUT
//DELETE
//TRACE
connection . setRequestMethod ( "GET" ) ;
// setConnectTimeout(): Sets a specified timeout value, in milliseconds, to be used when opening a communications link to the resource referenced by this URLConnection.
// If the timeout expires before the connection can be established, a java.net
connection . setConnectTimeout ( 3000 ) ;
// connect(): Opens a communications link to the resource referenced by this URL, if such a connection has not already been established.
connection . connect ( ) ;
// getResponseCode(): Gets the status code from an HTTP response message. For example, in the case of the following status lines:
//       HTTP/1.0 200 OK
//       HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized
code = connection . getResponseCode ( ) ;
if ( code == 200 ) {
result = "-> Green <-\t\t" + "Code: " + code ;
;
} else {
result = "-> Yellow <-\t\t" + "Code: " + code ;
}
} catch ( Exception e ) {
result = "-> Red <-\t\t" + "Wrong domain - Exception: " + e . getMessage ( ) ;
}
System . out . println ( url + "\t\t\t\tStatus:" + result ) ;
}
}
}

Produzione:

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/ Users / app / . m2 / repository / org / slf4j / slf4j - api / 1.7.31 / slf4j - api - 1.7.31.jar : / Users / app / . m2 / repository / org / slf4j / jul - to - slf4j / 1.7.31 / jul - to - slf4j - 1.7.31.jar : / Users / app / . m2 / repository / org / slf4j / jcl - over - slf4j / 1.7.31 / jcl - over - slf4j - 1.7.31.jar : / Users / app / . m2 / repository / org / slf4j / log4j - over - slf4j / 1.7.31 / log4j - over - slf4j - 1.7.31.jar crunchify . com . tutorials . CrunchifyGetPingStatusWithExecutorService
 
http : //mashable.com/ Status:-> Yellow <- Code: 301
http : //bing.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //www.example.co Status:-> Red <- Wrong domain - Exception: www.example.co
https : //example.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //wordpress.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //www.wikipedia.org/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //test.com.au/ Status:-> Yellow <- Code: 301
https : //wordpress.org/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //techcrunch.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //www.ebay.com Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //ask.crunchify.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //en.wikipedia.org Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //crunchify.com Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //sjsu.edu/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //pro.crunchify.com/ Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //google.com Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //paypal.com Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
https : //yahoo.com Status:-> Green <- Code: 200
 
Finished all threads
 
Process finished with exit code 0

Ora controlla il risultato.

Dovrebbe essere in pochi secondi. Spero che tu lo trovi utile. Prova a eseguirlo più di una volta e potresti vedere risultati diversi poiché tutti i thread vengono eseguiti in parallelo e chiunque otterrà risultati veloci, vedrai i risultati pubblicati nella console Eclipse.

Fammi sapere per qualsiasi domanda.