Filebeatをインストールして設定する方法は？開発/製品環境向けの軽量ログフォワーダー

公開: 2020-05-03

Filebeatのインストールと構成方法-LightweightLog Forwarder

過去数年間、私はFilebeatで遊んでいます。これは、本番アプリケーションに最適なlightweightのログ/データフォワーダーの1つです。

分析のために、ログを1つのクライアントの場所から中央の場所に転送する必要があるシナリオを考えてみます。 Splunkはログ転送の代替手段の1つですが、コストがかかりすぎます。私の意見では、それはあまりにも高価です。

そこでFilebeatが登場します。超軽量で、シンプルで、セットアップが簡単で、メモリの使用量が少なく、効率が高すぎます。 FilebeatはElastic.coの製品です。

堅牢で、ビートを逃しません。 guarantees delivery of logsます。

すべてのタイプのコンテナの準備ができています：

Kubernetes
Docker

シンプルなワンライナーコマンドで、Filebeatは以下の環境からのログの収集、解析、視覚化を処理します。

Apache
NGINX
システム
MySQL
Apache2
監査済み
Elasticsearch
haproxy
Icinga
IIS
Iptables
カフカ
キバナ
Logstash
MongoDB
Osquery
PostgreSQL
Redis
ミーアキャット
Traefik
もっと…

最高の軽量ログファイル配送業者の1つ

Filebeatには、一般的なログ形式の収集、解析、および視覚化を1つのコマンドにまで簡素化する内部モジュール（auditd、Apache、NGINX、System、MySQLなど）が付属しています。

Linux環境にFilebeatをインストールするにはどうすればいいですか？

以下の質問のいずれかがある場合は、適切な場所にいます。

Filebeat入門
Filebeatチュートリアル：はじめに
FileBeatのインストール、構成、および使用– Elasticsearch
Filebeatのセットアップと構成の例
Elasticsearch、Logstashをインストールするにはどうすればいいですか？
UbuntuにElasticStackをインストールするにはどうすればいいですか？

ステップ-1）インストール

以下のコマンドを使用して、Filebeatバイナリをダウンロードして抽出します。

Linux環境：

root @ localhost : ~ # curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 11.1M 100 11.1M 0 0 13.2M 0 -- : -- : -- -- : -- : -- -- : -- : -- 13.2M

root @ localhost : ~ # tar xzvf filebeat-6.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

root @ localhost : ~ # cd filebeat-6.7.0-linux-x86_64/

root @ localhost : ~ / filebeat - 6.7.0 - linux - x86_64 # pwd

/ root / filebeat - 6.7.0 - linux - x86_64

root @ localhost : ~ / filebeat - 6.7.0 - linux - x86_64 # ls -ltra

total 36720

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 13675 Mar 21 14 : 30 LICENSE . txt

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 163444 Mar 21 14 : 30 NOTICE . txt

drwxr - xr - x 4 root root 4096 Mar 21 14 : 31 kibana

drwxr - xr - x 2 root root 4096 Mar 21 14 : 33 modules . d

drwxr - xr - x 21 root root 4096 Mar 21 14 : 33 module

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 146747 Mar 21 14 : 33 fields . yml

- rw ------- 1 root root 7714 Mar 21 14 : 33 filebeat . yml

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 69996 Mar 21 14 : 33 filebeat . reference . yml

- rwxr - xr - x 1 root root 37161549 Mar 21 14 : 34 filebeat

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 802 Mar 21 14 : 35 README . md

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 41 Mar 21 14 : 35 . build_hash . txt

drwx ------ 9 root root 4096 Mar 30 13 : 46 . .

drwxr - xr - x 5 root root 4096 Mar 30 13 : 46 .

Macのダウンロード：

1 2	curl - L - O https : //artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.7.0-darwin-x86_64.tar.gz tar xzvf filebeat - 6.7.0 - darwin - x86_64 . tar . gz

RPMダウンロード：

1 2	curl - L - O https : //artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.7.0-x86_64.rpm sudo rpm - vi filebeat - 6.7.0 - x86_64 . rpm

ステップ-2）filebeat.yml設定ファイルを設定します

filebeat.ymlファイルをチェックアウトします。これはfilebeat構成ファイルです。

これが簡単なファイルの内容です。

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root @ localhost : ~ / filebeat - 6.7.0 - linux - x86_64 # cat filebeat.yml

###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common

# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the

# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.

# You can find the full configuration reference here:

# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html

# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample

# configuration file.

#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================

filebeat . inputs :

# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so

# you can use different inputs for various configurations.

# Below are the input specific configurations.

- type : log

# Change to true to enable this input configuration.

enabled : false

# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.

paths :

- / var / log /* . log

#- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are

# matching any regular expression from the list.

#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are

# matching any regular expression from the list.

#include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that

# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.

#exclude_files: ['.gz$']

# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked

# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering

#fields:

# level: debug

# review: 1

### Multiline options

# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common

# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation

# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [

#multiline.pattern: ^\[

# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.

#multiline.negate: false

# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern

# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.

# Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash

#multiline.match: after

#============================= Filebeat modules ===============================

filebeat . config . modules :

# Glob pattern for configuration loading

path : $ { path . config } / modules . d /* . yml

# Set to true to enable config reloading

reload . enabled : false

# Period on which files under path should be checked for changes

#reload.period: 10s

#==================== Elasticsearch template setting ==========================

setup . template . settings :

index . number_of_shards : 3

#index.codec: best_compression

#_source.enabled: false

#================================ General =====================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group

# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.

#name:

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each

# transaction published.

#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the

# output.

#fields:

# env: staging

#============================== Dashboards =====================================

# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading

# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the

# options here, or by using the `-setup` CLI flag or the `setup` command.

#setup.dashboards.enabled: false

# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL

# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released

# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co

# website.

#setup.dashboards.url:

#============================== Kibana =====================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.

# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.

setup . kibana :

# Kibana Host

# Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)

# In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path

# IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601

#host: "localhost:5601"

# Kibana Space ID

# ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,

# the Default Space will be used.

#space.id:

#============================= Elastic Cloud ==================================

# These settings simplify using filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).

# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and

# `setup.kibana.host` options.

# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.

#cloud.id:

# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and

# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.

#cloud.auth:

#================================ Outputs =====================================

# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.

#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------

output . elasticsearch :

# Array of hosts to connect to.

hosts : [ "localhost:9200" ]

# Enabled ilm (beta) to use index lifecycle management instead daily indices.

#ilm.enabled: false

# Optional protocol and basic auth credentials.

#protocol: "https"

#username: "elastic"

#password: "changeme"

#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------

#output.logstash:

# The Logstash hosts

#hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

# Optional SSL. By default is off.

# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications

#ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

# Certificate for SSL client authentication

#ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

# Client Certificate Key

#ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"

#================================ Processors =====================================

# Configure processors to enhance or manipulate events generated by the beat.

processors :

- add_host_metadata : ~

- add_cloud_metadata : ~

#================================ Logging =====================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.

# Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug

#logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.

# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",

# "publish", "service".

#logging.selectors: ["*"]

#============================== Xpack Monitoring ===============================

# filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring

# cluster. This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch. The

# reporting is disabled by default.

# Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.

#xpack.monitoring.enabled: false

# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the

# Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well. Any setting that is not set is

# automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch output configuration, so if you

# have the Elasticsearch output configured, you can simply uncomment the

# following line.

#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch:

filebeat.ymlファイルを開き、ログファイルの場所を設定します。

filebeat.ymlファイルを開き、ログファイルの場所を設定します

ステップ-3）ログをElasticSearchに送信する

Filebeatを実行する前に、 ElasticSearchをローカルで開始していることを確認してください。簡単な手順でhow to install and run ElasticSearch本日後半に記事を公開します。

ElasticSearchのfilebeat.ymlファイル構成は次のとおりです。

ElasticSearchはポート9200で実行されます。

output . elasticsearch :

# Array of hosts to connect to.

hosts : [ "localhost:9200" ]

そして、あなたはすべて準備ができています。

ステップ-4）Filebeatを実行する

1 2	bash - 3.2 $ sudo chown root filebeat . yml bash - 3.2 $ sudo . / filebeat - e

filebeatルートディレクトリから上記の2つのコマンドを実行すると、filebeatの起動ログが次のように表示されます。

root @ localhost : / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 # sudo chown root filebeat.yml

root @ localhost : / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 # sudo ./filebeat -e

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.608Z INFO instance / beat . go : 616 Home path : [ / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 ] Config path : [ / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 ] Data path : [ / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 / data ] Logs path : [ / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 / logs ]

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.608Z INFO instance / beat . go : 623 Beat UUID : da7e202d - d480 - 42df - 907a - 1073b19c8e2d

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.609Z INFO [ seccomp ] seccomp / seccomp . go : 116 Syscall filter successfully installed

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.609Z INFO [ beat ] instance / beat . go : 936 Beat info { "system_info" : { "beat" : { "path" : { "config" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64" , "data" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64/data" , "home" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64" , "logs" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64/logs" } , "type" : "filebeat" , "uuid" : "da7e202d-d480-42df-907a-1073b19c8e2d" } } }

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.609Z INFO [ beat ] instance / beat . go : 945 Build info { "system_info" : { "build" : { "commit" : "1eea934ce81be553337f2828bd12131896fea8e4" , "libbeat" : "6.6.2" , "time" : "2019-03-06T14:17:59.000Z" , "version" : "6.6.2" } } }

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.609Z INFO [ beat ] instance / beat . go : 948 Go runtime info { "system_info" : { "go" : { "os" : "linux" , "arch" : "amd64" , "max_procs" : 2 , "version" : "go1.10.8" } } }

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.611Z INFO [ beat ] instance / beat . go : 952 Host info { "system_info" : { "host" : { "architecture" : "x86_64" , "boot_time" : "2019-01-15T18:44:58Z" , "containerized" : false , "name" : "localhost" , "ip" : [ "127.0.0.1/8" , "::1/128" , "50.116.13.161/24" , "192.168.177.126/17" , "2600:3c01::f03c:91ff:fe17:4534/64" , "fe80::f03c:91ff:fe17:4534/64" ] , "kernel_version" : "4.18.0-13-generic" , "mac" : [ "f2:3c:91:17:45:34" ] , "os" : { "family" : "debian" , "platform" : "ubuntu" , "name" : "Ubuntu" , "version" : "18.10 (Cosmic Cuttlefish)" , "major" : 18 , "minor" : 10 , "patch" : 0 , "codename" : "cosmic" } , "timezone" : "UTC" , "timezone_offset_sec" : 0 , "id" : "1182104d1089460dbcc0c94ff1954c8c" } } }

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.611Z INFO [ beat ] instance / beat . go : 981 Process info { "system_info" : { "process" : { "capabilities" : { "inheritable" : null , "permitted" : [ "chown" , "dac_override" , "dac_read_search" , "fowner" , "fsetid" , "kill" , "setgid" , "setuid" , "setpcap" , "linux_immutable" , "net_bind_service" , "net_broadcast" , "net_admin" , "net_raw" , "ipc_lock" , "ipc_owner" , "sys_module" , "sys_rawio" , "sys_chroot" , "sys_ptrace" , "sys_pacct" , "sys_admin" , "sys_boot" , "sys_nice" , "sys_resource" , "sys_time" , "sys_tty_config" , "mknod" , "lease" , "audit_write" , "audit_control" , "setfcap" , "mac_override" , "mac_admin" , "syslog" , "wake_alarm" , "block_suspend" , "audit_read" ] , "effective" : [ "chown" , "dac_override" , "dac_read_search" , "fowner" , "fsetid" , "kill" , "setgid" , "setuid" , "setpcap" , "linux_immutable" , "net_bind_service" , "net_broadcast" , "net_admin" , "net_raw" , "ipc_lock" , "ipc_owner" , "sys_module" , "sys_rawio" , "sys_chroot" , "sys_ptrace" , "sys_pacct" , "sys_admin" , "sys_boot" , "sys_nice" , "sys_resource" , "sys_time" , "sys_tty_config" , "mknod" , "lease" , "audit_write" , "audit_control" , "setfcap" , "mac_override" , "mac_admin" , "syslog" , "wake_alarm" , "block_suspend" , "audit_read" ] , "bounding" : [ "chown" , "dac_override" , "dac_read_search" , "fowner" , "fsetid" , "kill" , "setgid" , "setuid" , "setpcap" , "linux_immutable" , "net_bind_service" , "net_broadcast" , "net_admin" , "net_raw" , "ipc_lock" , "ipc_owner" , "sys_module" , "sys_rawio" , "sys_chroot" , "sys_ptrace" , "sys_pacct" , "sys_admin" , "sys_boot" , "sys_nice" , "sys_resource" , "sys_time" , "sys_tty_config" , "mknod" , "lease" , "audit_write" , "audit_control" , "setfcap" , "mac_override" , "mac_admin" , "syslog" , "wake_alarm" , "block_suspend" , "audit_read" ] , "ambient" : null } , "cwd" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64" , "exe" : "/user/crunchify/filebeat-6.6.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat" , "name" : "filebeat" , "pid" : 20394 , "ppid" : 20393 , "seccomp" : { "mode" : "filter" , "no_new_privs" : true } , "start_time" : "2019-03-30T14:52:01.740Z" } } }

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 02.611Z INFO instance / beat . go : 281 Setup Beat : filebeat ; Version : 6.6.2

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.613Z INFO add_cloud_metadata / add_cloud_metadata . go : 319 add_cloud_metadata : hosting provider type not detected .

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.614Z INFO elasticsearch / client . go : 165 Elasticsearch url : http : //localhost:9200

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.615Z INFO [ publisher ] pipeline / module . go : 110 Beat name : localhost

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.615Z INFO instance / beat . go : 403 filebeat start running .

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.615Z INFO registrar / registrar . go : 134 Loading registrar data from / user / crunchify / filebeat - 6.6.2 - linux - x86_64 / data / registry

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.615Z INFO [ monitoring ] log / log . go : 117 Starting metrics logging every 30s

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.616Z INFO registrar / registrar . go : 141 States Loaded from registrar : 0

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.616Z INFO crawler / crawler . go : 72 Loading Inputs : 1

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.616Z INFO log / input . go : 138 Configured paths : [ / crunchify / tutorials / log / crunchify - filebeat - test . log ]

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.616Z INFO input / input . go : 114 Starting input of type : log ; ID : 7740765267175828127

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.617Z INFO crawler / crawler . go : 106 Loading and starting Inputs completed . Enabled inputs : 1

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.617Z INFO cfgfile / reload . go : 150 Config reloader started

2019 - 03 - 30T14 : 52 : 05.617Z INFO cfgfile / reload . go : 205 Loading of config files completed .

ステップ-5）結果

次のステップは、Elastic Searchにアクセスするログと、視覚化する方法を確認することです。これについては、すぐに詳細なチュートリアルを確認します。乞うご期待。

次は何ですか？ ElasticSearchを設定する

開発/本番環境にElasticsearchをインストールして設定する方法は？

Filebeatをインストールして設定する方法は？ 開発/製品環境向けの軽量ログフォワーダー