Java中IdentityHashMap和HashMap有什麼區別+性能比較
已發表: 2021-10-19
有時我有一個特殊情況,我必鬚根據equality operator (==)
比較 Map 的 Key。 相等運算符 (==) 將兩個 Key 的引用(內存中的地址)作為兩個不同的數字進行比較。
另一方面,HashMap 是最常用的 Java 集合框架組件,它藉助equals()
方法比較 Key 的唯一性。
此外, IdentityHashMap
不使用來自object.hashCode()
的哈希,而是使用System.identityHashCode(object)
。 我們可以將 IdentityHashMap 用於其哈希碼在運行時發生變化的可變對象。
如果您想了解更多關於適用on String Object
的equals()
和==
的信息,請遵循本教程:https://crunchify.com/how-to-override-equals-and-hashcode-method-in-java/。
演示上述 equals() 和 == 行為的基本測試:
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package crunchify . com . tutorials ; import java . util . HashMap ; import java . util . IdentityHashMap ; import java . util . Map ; /** * @author Crunchify.com * */ public class CrunchifyIdenityHashMapVsHashMapSample { public static void main ( String [ ] args ) { Map < String , String > crunchifyIdentityHashMap = new IdentityHashMap < String , String > ( ) ; Map < String , String > crunchifyHashMap = new HashMap < String , String > ( ) ; // Let's checkout what happens when we put Unique Key to IdentityHashMap crunchifyIdentityHashMap . put ( "Company" , "Crunchify" ) ; // this considered different object for == operator crunchifyIdentityHashMap . put ( new String ( "Company" ) , "Google" ) ; crunchifyIdentityHashMap . put ( "Company" , "Facebook" ) ; System . out . println ( "crunchifyIdentityHashMap KeySet Size: " + crunchifyIdentityHashMap . keySet ( ) . size ( ) ) ; // Let's checkout what happens when we put Unique Key to HashMap crunchifyHashMap . put ( "Company" , "Crunchify" ) ; // key1.equals(key2) returns true hence it removes the old value crunchifyHashMap . put ( new String ( "Company" ) , "Google" ) ; crunchifyHashMap . put ( "Company" , "Facebook" ) ; System . out . println ( "crunchifyHashMap KeySet Size: " + crunchifyHashMap . keySet ( ) . size ( ) ) ; } } |
結果:
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crunchifyIdentityHashMap KeySet Size : 2 crunchifyHashMap KeySet Size : 1 |
讓我們在兩個地圖上進行性能測試:
- 創建 Java 類:
CrunchifyIdentityHashMapVsHashMapPerformance
.java
-
startCrunchifyTest()
- 生成數百萬的隨機地圖大小
- 實例化和初始化
crunchifyString[]
字符串數組對象,上面生成帶有文本的隨機數:This is Crunchify's Test # number
-
crunchifyCompareIdentityHashMapVsHashMap(String[] crunchifyString , Map<String, Integer> crunchifyMap , String name )
- 將所有必需的參數傳遞給此方法
crunchifyMap
將具有值 IdentityHashMap / HashMap- 遍歷 crunchifyString[] 並將值放入 Map - 此操作需要一些時間
- 遍歷 crunchifyString[] 並從 Map 中獲取值——這個操作需要一些時間
- 我們將找出上述兩種操作的執行時間,以便我們比較哪一種更適合上述操作? 身份哈希映射或哈希映射
- 打印上面的結果
- 執行上述任務 2 和 3 共 8 次。
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package crunchify . com . tutorials ; import java . util . HashMap ; import java . util . IdentityHashMap ; import java . util . Map ; import java . util . Random ; /** * @author Crunchify.com * */ public class CrunchifyIdentityHashMapVsHashMapPerformance { static Random rand = new Random ( ) ; private static void startCrunchifyTest ( ) { // Let's run test for 5 times for ( int i = 0 ; i < 15 ; ++ i ) { // Let's create random Map size which we will use in IdentityHashMap and HashMap int randomMapSize = 1000000 + rand . nextInt ( 9000000 ) ; String [ ] crunchifyString = new String [ randomMapSize ] ; for ( int j = 0 ; j < randomMapSize ; ++ j ) // Assign below string to crunchifyString Object crunchifyString [ j ] = "This is Crunchify's Test #" + j ; System . out . println ( "\nIteration # " + i + " - Creating String with size: " + randomMapSize ) ; crunchifyCompareIdentityHashMapVsHashMap ( crunchifyString , new HashMap < String , Integer > ( randomMapSize ) , "HashMap" ) ; // Runs the garbage collector System . gc ( ) ; crunchifyCompareIdentityHashMapVsHashMap ( crunchifyString , new IdentityHashMap < String , Integer > ( randomMapSize ) , "IdentityHashMap" ) ; // Runs the garbage collector System . gc ( ) ; } } /** * @param crunchifyString * @param crunchifyMap * : IdentityHashMap / HashMap * @param name */ private static void crunchifyCompareIdentityHashMapVsHashMap ( String [ ] crunchifyString , Map < String , Integer > crunchifyMap , String name ) { long start = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) ; // put crunchifyString String[] to map for ( int put = 0 ; put < crunchifyString . length ; ++ put ) crunchifyMap . put ( crunchifyString [ put ] , put ) ; boolean result = false ; for ( int get = 0 ; get < crunchifyString . length ; ++ get ) { if ( crunchifyMap . get ( crunchifyString [ get ] ) ! = get ) result = true ; } System . out . println ( name + " time taken : \t" + ( System . currentTimeMillis ( ) - start ) / 1000. + " sec" ) ; // Check for result discrepancy if ( crunchifyMap . size ( ) ! = crunchifyString . length ) System . out . println ( "Please check size. Test failed" ) ; if ( result ) System . out . println ( "Result failed.." ) ; } public static void main ( String [ ] args ) { System . out . println ( "IdentityHashMap Vs. HashMap comparison Test started..." ) ; // method to compare IdentityHashMap and HashMap startCrunchifyTest ( ) ; } } |
結果:
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IdentityHashMap Vs . HashMap comparison Test started . . . Iteration # 0 - Creating String with size: 6964175 HashMap time taken : 3.155 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 1.517 sec Iteration # 1 - Creating String with size: 6556459 HashMap time taken : 3.415 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 1.466 sec < == IdentityHashMap gives better result for large object Iteration # 2 - Creating String with size: 9567664 HashMap time taken : 4.173 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 2.339 sec < == better Iteration # 3 - Creating String with size: 4230755 HashMap time taken : 0.372 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 0.911 sec Iteration # 4 - Creating String with size: 7821718 HashMap time taken : 1.096 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 0.812 sec Iteration # 5 - Creating String with size: 8125421 HashMap time taken : 4.883 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 1.876 sec < == better Iteration # 6 - Creating String with size: 3166432 HashMap time taken : 0.537 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 0.708 sec Iteration # 7 - Creating String with size: 2821415 HashMap time taken : 0.227 sec IdentityHashMap time taken : 0.621 sec |
觀察:
正如您在結果中看到的那樣,對於大型地圖,IdentityHashMap 的性能要好得多。 為什麼? IdentityHashMap doesn't use equals() and hashcode() methods
,這被認為是非常昂貴的。

僅供參考:
我們為從 Map 中輸入和獲取值所做的上述操作非常佔用 CPU。
