Java14 同步 HttpClient 示例 - 概述和简单教程 - send()

已发表: 2020-09-06

概述和简单的 Java14 同步 HttpClient 客户端教程

Java 最近发布了Java 14 JDK。 在本教程中，我们将介绍概述和简单的 Java 同步 HttpClient 客户端教程。

如果您有以下任何问题，那么您来对地方了。

  • 如何在 JAVA 中创建异步 HTTP 请求
  • 为什么使用 HttpClient 进行同步连接
  • Java 11 的 HttpClient 小介绍
  • Java 11 HTTP/2 API 教程
  • Java HTTP 客户端 OpenJDK 介绍
  • Java HTTP 客户端 – 示例和食谱

HttpClient可用于发送请求并检索其响应。 HttpClient 是通过构建器创建的。

让我们开始吧：

创建文件 CrunchifyJavaSynchronousHTTPClient.java

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package crunchify . com . tutorial ;
 
import java . io . IOException ;
import java . net . URI ;
import java . net . http . HttpClient ;
import java . net . http . HttpHeaders ;
import java . net . http . HttpRequest ;
import java . net . http . HttpResponse ;
import java . time . Duration ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
* Overview and Simple Java Synchronous HttpClient Client Tutorial
*/
 
public class CrunchifyJavaSynchronousHTTPClient {
 
     private static final HttpClient crunchifyHttpClient = HttpClient . newBuilder ( )
             . version ( HttpClient . Version . HTTP_1_1 )
             . connectTimeout ( Duration . ofSeconds ( 5 ) )
             . build ( ) ;
 
     // HttpClient: An HttpClient can be used to send requests and retrieve their responses. An HttpClient is created through a builder.
 
     // Duration: A time-based amount of time, such as '5 seconds'.
     // send() This class models a quantity or amount of time in terms of seconds and nanoseconds. It can be accessed using other duration-based units, such as minutes and hours.
     // In addition, the DAYS unit can be used and is treated as exactly equal to 24 hours, thus ignoring daylight savings effects. See Period for the date-based equivalent to this class.
     public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
 
         HttpRequest crunchifyRequest = HttpRequest . newBuilder ( )
                 . GET ( )
                 . uri ( URI . create ( "https://crunchify.com/wp-content/java/crunchify-java-httpclient-tutorial.html" ) )
                 . setHeader ( "User-Agent" , "Crunchify Java Synchronous HTTPClient Example..." )
                 . build ( ) ;
 
         // HttpResponse: An HttpResponse is not created directly, but rather returned as a result of sending an HttpRequest.
         HttpResponse < String > crunchifyResponse = null ;
         try {
 
             // CompletableFuture: A Future that may be explicitly completed (setting its value and status), and may be used as a CompletionStage, supporting dependent functions and actions that trigger upon its completion.
             // send: Sends the given request using this client, blocking if necessary to get the response.
             // The returned HttpResponse<T> contains the response status, headers, and body ( as handled by given response body handler ).
             crunchifyResponse = crunchifyHttpClient . send ( crunchifyRequest , HttpResponse . BodyHandlers . ofString ( ) ) ;
 
             // print response headers
             HttpHeaders crunchifyHeaders = crunchifyResponse . headers ( ) ;
             crunchifyHeaders . map ( ) . forEach ( ( k , v ) - > System . out . println ( k + ":" + v ) ) ;
 
             // print status code
             crunnchifyPrint ( crunchifyResponse . statusCode ( ) ) ;
 
             // print response body
             crunnchifyPrint ( crunchifyResponse . body ( ) ) ;
 
         } catch ( IOException e ) {
             e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
 
         } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {
             e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
         }
     }
 
     private static void crunnchifyPrint ( Object data ) {
         System . out . println ( data ) ;
 
     }
 
}

crunchifyHttpClient.send() java API 使用这个客户端发送给定的请求，必要时阻塞以获得响应。

返回的HttpResponse<T>包含响应状态、标头和正文（由给定的响应正文处理程序处理）。

crunchifyHttpClient.send() java API

只需将上面的代码作为 Java 程序运行，您将看到如下响应。

控制台结果：

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/ Library / Java / JavaVirtualMachines / jdk - 14.0.2.jdk / Contents / Home / bin / java - javaagent : / Applications / IntelliJ IDEA . app crunchify . com . tutorial . CrunchifyJavaSynchronousHTTPClient
accept - ranges : [ bytes ]
connection : [ keep - alive ]
content - length : [ 108 ]
content - type : [ text / html ; charset = UTF - 8 ]
date : [ Sun , 06 Sep 2020 02 : 02 : 58 GMT ]
etag : [ "5f5442af-6c" ]
last - modified : [ Sun , 06 Sep 2020 02 : 00 : 15 GMT ]
server : [ nginx ]
x - edge - location - klb : [ VhPBsSUriL2dZtW2Pu8FgAke45e082923ff37191eace6947ec35b35d ]
200
< ! DOCTYPE html >
< html >
< body >
 
< h1 > Hey . . This is Crunchify ' s Java HTTPClient Tutorial . < / h1 >
 
< / body >
< / html >
 
Process finished with exit code 0

如果您在 Java 代码上运行时遇到任何问题，请告诉我。

下一步是什么？

Java 异步 HttpClient 概述和教程 – sendAsync()