Come installare Ansible sul sistema operativo Linux Ubuntu?

Pubblicato: 2019-02-24

Come installare Ansible sul sistema operativo Linux Ubuntu

Iniziamo su come install Ansible su Linux Ubuntu e macOS.

Cos'è Ansible?

Ansible è una all in one IT solution . È un motore di orchestrazione IT che automatizza la gestione della configurazione, l'implementazione delle applicazioni e lo strumento semplice basato su comandi di gestione dell'infrastruttura remota.

Oggi esamineremo i passaggi dettagliati sui passaggi di installazione di Ansible e la guida completa alla distribuzione.

Come installare Ansible sul sistema operativo Linux Ubuntu?

Passo 1

Aggiorna il sistema operativo all'ultima versione.

Comando: sudo apt-get update

root @ localhost : ~ # sudo apt-get update

Hit : 1 http : //mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu cosmic InRelease

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Reading package lists . . . Done

Passo 2

Installa Ubuntu con le proprietà del software.

Comando: sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

root @ localhost : ~ # sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

Reading package lists . . . Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information . . . Done

The following additional packages will be installed :

python3 - software - properties

The following packages will be upgraded :

python3 - software - properties software - properties - common

2 upgraded , 0 newly installed , 0 to remove and 78 not upgraded .

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Passaggio 3

Aggiungi il pacchetto Ansible al tuo sistema Ubuntu.

Comando: sudo apt-add-repository --yes --update ppa:ansible/ansible

root @ localhost : ~ # sudo apt-add-repository --yes --update ppa:ansible/ansible

Hit : 1 http : //mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu cosmic InRelease

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Get : 3 http : //mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu cosmic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]

Hit : 4 http : //security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu cosmic-security InRelease

Get : 5 http : //ppa.launchpad.net/ansible/ansible/ubuntu cosmic InRelease [15.9 kB]

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Reading package lists . . . Done

Passaggio 4

Installa Ansible completamente.

Comando: sudo apt-get install ansible

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root @ localhost : ~ # sudo apt-get install ansible

Reading package lists . . . Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information . . . Done

The following additional packages will be installed :

libsodium23 python - asn1crypto python - bcrypt python - cffi - backend python - crypto python - cryptography python - enum34 python - httplib2 python - idna

python - ipaddress python - jinja2 python - markupsafe python - nacl python - paramiko python - pyasn1 python - setuptools python - six python - yaml sshpass

Suggested packages :

python - crypto - doc python - cryptography - doc python - cryptography - vectors python - enum34 - doc python - jinja2 - doc python - nacl - doc python - gssapi

python - setuptools - doc

The following NEW packages will be installed :

ansible libsodium23 python - asn1crypto python - bcrypt python - cffi - backend python - crypto python - cryptography python - enum34 python - httplib2 python - idna

python - ipaddress python - jinja2 python - markupsafe python - nacl python - paramiko python - pyasn1 python - setuptools python - six python - yaml sshpass

0 upgraded , 20 newly installed , 0 to remove and 78 not upgraded .

Need to get 5 , 595 kB of archives .

After this operation , 43.0 MB of additional disk space will be used .

Do you want to continue ? [ Y / n ] Y

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E sei a posto.

Come verificare quale versione di Ansible sto utilizzando?

Comando: ansible --version

root @ localhost : ~ # ansible --version

ansible 2.7.8

config file = / etc / ansible / ansible . cfg

configured module search path = [ u '/root/.ansible/plugins/modules' , u '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules' ]

ansible python module location = / usr / lib / python2 . 7 / dist - packages / ansible

executable location = / usr / bin / ansible

python version = 2.7.15 + ( default , Oct 2 2018 , 22 : 12 : 08 ) [ GCC 8.2.0 ]

Dov'è il mio file di configurazione Ansible?

Il file di configurazione di Ansible si trova nella posizione: /etc/ansible/

root @ localhost : ~ # cd /etc/ansible/

root @ localhost : / etc / ansible # ls -ltra

total 36

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 1016 Feb 21 19 : 50 hosts

- rw - r -- r -- 1 root root 20277 Feb 21 19 : 50 ansible . cfg

drwxr - xr - x 2 root root 4096 Feb 21 19 : 50 roles

drwxr - xr - x 93 root root 4096 Feb 23 17 : 05 . .

drwxr - xr - x 3 root root 4096 Feb 23 17 : 05 .

Esempio di file ansible.cfg:

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root @ localhost : / etc / ansible # cat ansible.cfg

# config file for ansible -- https://ansible.com/

# ===============================================

# nearly all parameters can be overridden in ansible-playbook

# or with command line flags. ansible will read ANSIBLE_CONFIG,

# ansible.cfg in the current working directory, .ansible.cfg in

# the home directory or /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg, whichever it

# finds first

[ defaults ]

host_key_checking = false

# some basic default values...

#inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts

#library = /usr/share/my_modules/

#module_utils = /usr/share/my_module_utils/

#remote_tmp = ~/.ansible/tmp

#local_tmp = ~/.ansible/tmp

#plugin_filters_cfg = /etc/ansible/plugin_filters.yml

#forks = 5

#poll_interval = 15

#sudo_user = root

#ask_sudo_pass = True

#ask_pass = True

#transport = smart

#remote_port = 22

#module_lang = C

#module_set_locale = False

# plays will gather facts by default, which contain information about

# the remote system.

# smart - gather by default, but don't regather if already gathered

# implicit - gather by default, turn off with gather_facts: False

# explicit - do not gather by default, must say gather_facts: True

#gathering = implicit

# This only affects the gathering done by a play's gather_facts directive,

# by default gathering retrieves all facts subsets

# all - gather all subsets

# network - gather min and network facts

# hardware - gather hardware facts (longest facts to retrieve)

# virtual - gather min and virtual facts

# facter - import facts from facter

# ohai - import facts from ohai

# You can combine them using comma (ex: network,virtual)

# You can negate them using ! (ex: !hardware,!facter,!ohai)

# A minimal set of facts is always gathered.

#gather_subset = all

# some hardware related facts are collected

# with a maximum timeout of 10 seconds. This

# option lets you increase or decrease that

# timeout to something more suitable for the

# environment.

# gather_timeout = 10

# Ansible facts are available inside the ansible_facts.* dictionary

# namespace. This setting maintains the behaviour which was the default prior

# to 2.5, duplicating these variables into the main namespace, each with a

# prefix of 'ansible_'.

# This variable is set to True by default for backwards compatibility. It

# will be changed to a default of 'False' in a future release.

# ansible_facts.

# inject_facts_as_vars = True

# additional paths to search for roles in, colon separated

#roles_path = /etc/ansible/roles

# uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking

#host_key_checking = False

# change the default callback, you can only have one 'stdout' type enabled at a time.

#stdout_callback = skippy

## Ansible ships with some plugins that require whitelisting,

## this is done to avoid running all of a type by default.

## These setting lists those that you want enabled for your system.

## Custom plugins should not need this unless plugin author specifies it.

# enable callback plugins, they can output to stdout but cannot be 'stdout' type.

#callback_whitelist = timer, mail

# Determine whether includes in tasks and handlers are "static" by

# default. As of 2.0, includes are dynamic by default. Setting these

# values to True will make includes behave more like they did in the

# 1.x versions.

#task_includes_static = False

#handler_includes_static = False

# Controls if a missing handler for a notification event is an error or a warning

#error_on_missing_handler = True

# change this for alternative sudo implementations

#sudo_exe = sudo

# What flags to pass to sudo

# WARNING: leaving out the defaults might create unexpected behaviours

#sudo_flags = -H -S -n

# SSH timeout

#timeout = 10

# default user to use for playbooks if user is not specified

# (/usr/bin/ansible will use current user as default)

#remote_user = root

# logging is off by default unless this path is defined

# if so defined, consider logrotate

#log_path = /var/log/ansible.log

# default module name for /usr/bin/ansible

#module_name = command

# use this shell for commands executed under sudo

# you may need to change this to bin/bash in rare instances

# if sudo is constrained

#executable = /bin/sh

# if inventory variables overlap, does the higher precedence one win

# or are hash values merged together? The default is 'replace' but

# this can also be set to 'merge'.

#hash_behaviour = replace

# by default, variables from roles will be visible in the global variable

# scope. To prevent this, the following option can be enabled, and only

# tasks and handlers within the role will see the variables there

#private_role_vars = yes

# list any Jinja2 extensions to enable here:

#jinja2_extensions = jinja2.ext.do,jinja2.ext.i18n

# if set, always use this private key file for authentication, same as

# if passing --private-key to ansible or ansible-playbook

#private_key_file = /path/to/file

# If set, configures the path to the Vault password file as an alternative to

# specifying --vault-password-file on the command line.

#vault_password_file = /path/to/vault_password_file

# format of string {{ ansible_managed }} available within Jinja2

# templates indicates to users editing templates files will be replaced.

# replacing {file}, {host} and {uid} and strftime codes with proper values.

#ansible_managed = Ansible managed: {file} modified on %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S by {uid} on {host}

# {file}, {host}, {uid}, and the timestamp can all interfere with idempotence

# in some situations so the default is a static string:

#ansible_managed = Ansible managed

# by default, ansible-playbook will display "Skipping [host]" if it determines a task

# should not be run on a host. Set this to "False" if you don't want to see these "Skipping"

# messages. NOTE: the task header will still be shown regardless of whether or not the

# task is skipped.

#display_skipped_hosts = True

# by default, if a task in a playbook does not include a name: field then

# ansible-playbook will construct a header that includes the task's action but

# not the task's args. This is a security feature because ansible cannot know

# if the *module* considers an argument to be no_log at the time that the

# header is printed. If your environment doesn't have a problem securing

# stdout from ansible-playbook (or you have manually specified no_log in your

# playbook on all of the tasks where you have secret information) then you can

# safely set this to True to get more informative messages.

#display_args_to_stdout = False

# by default (as of 1.3), Ansible will raise errors when attempting to dereference

# Jinja2 variables that are not set in templates or action lines. Uncomment this line

# to revert the behavior to pre-1.3.

#error_on_undefined_vars = False

# by default (as of 1.6), Ansible may display warnings based on the configuration of the

# system running ansible itself. This may include warnings about 3rd party packages or

# other conditions that should be resolved if possible.

# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:

#system_warnings = True

# by default (as of 1.4), Ansible may display deprecation warnings for language

# features that should no longer be used and will be removed in future versions.

# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:

#deprecation_warnings = True

# (as of 1.8), Ansible can optionally warn when usage of the shell and

# command module appear to be simplified by using a default Ansible module

# instead. These warnings can be silenced by adjusting the following

# setting or adding warn=yes or warn=no to the end of the command line

# parameter string. This will for example suggest using the git module

# instead of shelling out to the git command.

# command_warnings = False

# set plugin path directories here, separate with colons

#action_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/action

#cache_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/cache

#callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback

#connection_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/connection

#lookup_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/lookup

#inventory_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/inventory

#vars_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/vars

#filter_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/filter

#test_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/test

#terminal_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/terminal

#strategy_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/strategy

# by default, ansible will use the 'linear' strategy but you may want to try

# another one

#strategy = free

# by default callbacks are not loaded for /bin/ansible, enable this if you

# want, for example, a notification or logging callback to also apply to

# /bin/ansible runs

#bin_ansible_callbacks = False

# don't like cows? that's unfortunate.

# set to 1 if you don't want cowsay support or export ANSIBLE_NOCOWS=1

#nocows = 1

# set which cowsay stencil you'd like to use by default. When set to 'random',

# a random stencil will be selected for each task. The selection will be filtered

# against the `cow_whitelist` option below.

#cow_selection = default

#cow_selection = random

# when using the 'random' option for cowsay, stencils will be restricted to this list.

# it should be formatted as a comma-separated list with no spaces between names.

# NOTE: line continuations here are for formatting purposes only, as the INI parser

# in python does not support them.

#cow_whitelist=bud-frogs,bunny,cheese,daemon,default,dragon,elephant-in-snake,elephant,eyes,\

# hellokitty,kitty,luke-koala,meow,milk,moofasa,moose,ren,sheep,small,stegosaurus,\

# stimpy,supermilker,three-eyes,turkey,turtle,tux,udder,vader-koala,vader,www

# don't like colors either?

# set to 1 if you don't want colors, or export ANSIBLE_NOCOLOR=1

#nocolor = 1

# if set to a persistent type (not 'memory', for example 'redis') fact values

# from previous runs in Ansible will be stored. This may be useful when

# wanting to use, for example, IP information from one group of servers

# without having to talk to them in the same playbook run to get their

# current IP information.

#fact_caching = memory

#This option tells Ansible where to cache facts. The value is plugin dependent.

#For the jsonfile plugin, it should be a path to a local directory.

#For the redis plugin, the value is a host:port:database triplet: fact_caching_connection = localhost:6379:0

#fact_caching_connection=/tmp

# retry files

# When a playbook fails by default a .retry file will be created in ~/

# You can disable this feature by setting retry_files_enabled to False

# and you can change the location of the files by setting retry_files_save_path

#retry_files_enabled = False

#retry_files_save_path = ~/.ansible-retry

# squash actions

# Ansible can optimise actions that call modules with list parameters

# when looping. Instead of calling the module once per with_ item, the

# module is called once with all items at once. Currently this only works

# under limited circumstances, and only with parameters named 'name'.

#squash_actions = apk,apt,dnf,homebrew,pacman,pkgng,yum,zypper

# prevents logging of task data, off by default

#no_log = False

# prevents logging of tasks, but only on the targets, data is still logged on the master/controller

#no_target_syslog = False

# controls whether Ansible will raise an error or warning if a task has no

# choice but to create world readable temporary files to execute a module on

# the remote machine. This option is False by default for security. Users may

# turn this on to have behaviour more like Ansible prior to 2.1.x. See

# https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user

# for more secure ways to fix this than enabling this option.

#allow_world_readable_tmpfiles = False

# controls the compression level of variables sent to

# worker processes. At the default of 0, no compression

# is used. This value must be an integer from 0 to 9.

#var_compression_level = 9

# controls what compression method is used for new-style ansible modules when

# they are sent to the remote system. The compression types depend on having

# support compiled into both the controller's python and the client's python.

# The names should match with the python Zipfile compression types:

# * ZIP_STORED (no compression. available everywhere)

# * ZIP_DEFLATED (uses zlib, the default)

# These values may be set per host via the ansible_module_compression inventory

# variable

#module_compression = 'ZIP_DEFLATED'

# This controls the cutoff point (in bytes) on --diff for files

# set to 0 for unlimited (RAM may suffer!).

#max_diff_size = 1048576

# This controls how ansible handles multiple --tags and --skip-tags arguments

# on the CLI. If this is True then multiple arguments are merged together. If

# it is False, then the last specified argument is used and the others are ignored.

# This option will be removed in 2.8.

#merge_multiple_cli_flags = True

# Controls showing custom stats at the end, off by default

#show_custom_stats = True

# Controls which files to ignore when using a directory as inventory with

# possibly multiple sources (both static and dynamic)

#inventory_ignore_extensions = ~, .orig, .bak, .ini, .cfg, .retry, .pyc, .pyo

# This family of modules use an alternative execution path optimized for network appliances

# only update this setting if you know how this works, otherwise it can break module execution

#network_group_modules=eos, nxos, ios, iosxr, junos, vyos

# When enabled, this option allows lookups (via variables like {{lookup('foo')}} or when used as

# a loop with `with_foo`) to return data that is not marked "unsafe". This means the data may contain

# jinja2 templating language which will be run through the templating engine.

# ENABLING THIS COULD BE A SECURITY RISK

#allow_unsafe_lookups = False

# set default errors for all plays

#any_errors_fatal = False

[ inventory ]

# enable inventory plugins, default: 'host_list', 'script', 'yaml', 'ini', 'auto'

#enable_plugins = host_list, virtualbox, yaml, constructed

# ignore these extensions when parsing a directory as inventory source

#ignore_extensions = .pyc, .pyo, .swp, .bak, ~, .rpm, .md, .txt, ~, .orig, .ini, .cfg, .retry

# ignore files matching these patterns when parsing a directory as inventory source

#ignore_patterns=

# If 'true' unparsed inventory sources become fatal errors, they are warnings otherwise.

#unparsed_is_failed=False

[ privilege_escalation ]

#become=True

#become_method=sudo

#become_user=root

#become_ask_pass=False

[ paramiko_connection ]

# uncomment this line to cause the paramiko connection plugin to not record new host

# keys encountered. Increases performance on new host additions. Setting works independently of the

# host key checking setting above.

#record_host_keys=False

# by default, Ansible requests a pseudo-terminal for commands executed under sudo. Uncomment this

# line to disable this behaviour.

#pty=False

# paramiko will default to looking for SSH keys initially when trying to

# authenticate to remote devices. This is a problem for some network devices

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