Java：生產者消費者示例——處理並發讀/寫

已發表: 2019-02-17

生產者消費者示例 - 處理並發讀：寫

producer-consumer problem （也稱為bounded-buffer problem ）是多進程同步問題的經典 Java 示例。

該問題描述了兩個進程， the producer和the consumer ，它們共享一個用作隊列的公共、固定大小的緩衝區。 生產者的工作是生成一條數據，將其放入緩衝區並重新開始。

同時，消費者一次只消費一份數據（即從緩衝區中刪除）。 問題是確保生產者不會嘗試在緩衝區已滿時將數據添加到緩衝區中，並且消費者不會嘗試從空緩衝區中刪除數據。

下面簡單的 Java 程序會產生這個問題：

Java 示例——生產者消費者問題

CrunchifyProducerConsumer.java
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package com . crunchify . tutorials ;
 
import java . util . Vector ;
import java . util . Iterator ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify
*/
 
public class CrunchifyProducerConsumer {
     private static Vector <Object> data = new Vector <Object> ( ) ;
 
     public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
         new Producer ( ) . start ( ) ;
         new Consumer ( ) . start ( ) ;
     }
 
     public static class Consumer extends Thread {
         Consumer ( ) {
             super ( "Consumer" ) ;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void run ( ) {
             for ( ; ; ) {
                 try {
                     Thread . sleep ( 1 ) ;
                 } catch ( Exception e ) {
                     e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
                 }
                 @SuppressWarnings ( "rawtypes" )
                 Iterator it = data . iterator ( ) ;
                 while ( it . hasNext ( ) )
                     it . next ( ) ;
             }
         }
     }
 
     public static class Producer extends Thread {
         Producer ( ) {
             super ( "Producer" ) ;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void run ( ) {
             for ( ; ; ) {
                 try {
                     Thread . sleep ( 1 ) ;
                 } catch ( Exception e ) {
                     e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
                 }
                 data . add ( new Object ( ) ) ;
                 if ( data . size ( ) > 1000 )
                     data . remove ( data . size ( ) - 1 ) ;
             }
         }
     }
}

問題：

ConcurrentModificationException
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Exception in thread "Consumer" java . util . ConcurrentModificationException
     at java . util . ArrayList $ Itr . checkForComodification ( ArrayList . java : 819 )
     at java . util . ArrayList $ Itr . next ( ArrayList . java : 791 )
     at com . crunchify . tutorials . CrunchifyProducerConsumer $ Consumer . run ( CrunchifyProducerConsumer . java : 36 )

解決：

添加關鍵字synchronized以在我們使用數據時鎖定data 。

更好的 Java 程序：

CrunchifyProducerConsumer.java
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package crunchify . com . tutorials ;
 
import java . util . Iterator ;
import java . util . Vector ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
* Producer Consumer Example in Java
*/
 
public class CrunchifyProducerConsumer {
private static Vector <Object> data = new Vector <Object> ( ) ;
 
public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
new Producer ( ) . start ( ) ;
new Consumer ( ) . start ( ) ;
}
 
public static class Consumer extends Thread {
Consumer ( ) {
super ( "Consumer" ) ;
}
 
@SuppressWarnings ( "rawtypes" )
@Override
public void run ( ) {
for ( ; ; ) {
try {
Thread . sleep ( 1000 ) ;
System . out . println ( "Object Consumed ################" ) ;
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
 
synchronized ( data ) {
Iterator it = data . iterator ( ) ;
while ( it . hasNext ( ) )
it . next ( ) ;
}
}
}
}
 
public static class Producer extends Thread {
Producer ( ) {
super ( "Producer" ) ;
}
 
@Override
public void run ( ) {
for ( ; ; ) {
try {
Thread . sleep ( 1000 ) ;
System . out . println ( "Object Produced ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" ) ;
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
data . add ( new Object ( ) ) ;
if ( data . size ( ) > 1000 )
data . remove ( data . size ( ) - 1 ) ;
}
}
}
}

Java 生產者消費者示例結果：

java-producer-consumer-tutorial-crunchify