如何在 Java 中从头开始实现 LinkedList 类

已发表: 2013-06-19
Crunchify Java LinkedList 实现教程

如果您实际上正在构建一个真正的生产系统，那么是的，如果您需要的东西在那里可用，您通常只需使用标准库中的东西。 也就是说，不要认为这是一个毫无意义的练习。

了解事物是如何工作的很好， understanding linked lists是了解更复杂数据结构的重要一步，其中许多数据结构在标准库中不存在。

创建链接列表的方式与 Java 集合 API 的创建方式之间存在一些差异。

Collections API 试图遵循更复杂的接口。 您的 LinkedList 将始终包含至少一个元素。

通过这种设置，您可以在需要空列表时使用 null。 将“下一个”视为“列表的其余部分”。 事实上，很多人会称它为tail而不是“下一个”。

这是一个单链表的示意图：

Crunchify 单链表示例

另一个必须阅读：

  • 如何在 Java 中遍历 LinkedList 实例？
  • Java：如何找到 LinkedList 的中间元素？

从头开始在 Java 中创建链表的最佳方法是什么？

好吧，这里是 Java 中 LinkedList 类的最简单实现。

从零开始使用 Java 中的 LinkedList - Crunchify 教程
Java
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package crunchify . com . tutorial ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
* version: 1.2
* last updated: 11/10/2015
*/
 
public class CrunchifyLinkedListTest {
public static CrunchifyLinkedList crunchifyList ;
 
public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
 
// Default constructor - let's put "0" into head element.
crunchifyList = new CrunchifyLinkedList ( ) ;
 
// add more elements to LinkedList
crunchifyList . add ( "1" ) ;
crunchifyList . add ( "2" ) ;
crunchifyList . add ( "3" ) ;
crunchifyList . add ( "4" ) ;
crunchifyList . add ( "5" ) ;
 
/*
* Please note that primitive values can not be added into LinkedList directly. They must be converted to their
* corresponding wrapper class.
*/
 
System . out . println ( "Print: crunchifyList: \t\t" + crunchifyList ) ;
System . out . println ( ".size(): \t\t\t\t" + crunchifyList . size ( ) ) ;
System . out . println ( ".get(3): \t\t\t\t" + crunchifyList . get ( 3 ) + " (get element at index:3 - list starts from 0)" ) ;
System . out . println ( ".remove(2): \t\t\t\t" + crunchifyList . remove ( 2 ) + " (element removed)" ) ;
System . out . println ( ".get(3): \t\t\t\t" + crunchifyList . get ( 3 ) + " (get element at index:3 - list starts from 0)" ) ;
System . out . println ( ".size(): \t\t\t\t" + crunchifyList . size ( ) ) ;
System . out . println ( "Print again: crunchifyList: \t" + crunchifyList ) ;
}
 
}
 
class CrunchifyLinkedList {
 
private static int counter ;
private Node head ;
 
// Default constructor
public CrunchifyLinkedList ( ) {
 
}
 
// appends the specified element to the end of this list.
public void add ( Object data ) {
 
// Initialize Node only incase of 1st element
if ( head == null ) {
head = new Node ( data ) ;
}
 
Node crunchifyTemp = new Node ( data ) ;
Node crunchifyCurrent = head ;
 
// Let's check for NPE before iterate over crunchifyCurrent
if ( crunchifyCurrent ! = null ) {
 
// starting at the head node, crawl to the end of the list and then add element after last node
while ( crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ! = null ) {
crunchifyCurrent = crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ;
}
 
// the last node's "next" reference set to our new node
crunchifyCurrent . setNext ( crunchifyTemp ) ;
}
 
// increment the number of elements variable
incrementCounter ( ) ;
}
 
private static int getCounter ( ) {
return counter ;
}
 
private static void incrementCounter ( ) {
counter ++ ;
}
 
private void decrementCounter ( ) {
counter -- ;
}
 
// inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list
public void add ( Object data , int index ) {
Node crunchifyTemp = new Node ( data ) ;
Node crunchifyCurrent = head ;
 
// Let's check for NPE before iterate over crunchifyCurrent
if ( crunchifyCurrent ! = null ) {
// crawl to the requested index or the last element in the list, whichever comes first
for ( int i = 0 ; i < index && crunchifyCurrent.getNext() != null; i ++ ) {
crunchifyCurrent = crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ;
}
}
 
// set the new node's next-node reference to this node's next-node reference
crunchifyTemp . setNext ( crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ) ;
 
// now set this node's next-node reference to the new node
crunchifyCurrent . setNext ( crunchifyTemp ) ;
 
// increment the number of elements variable
incrementCounter ( ) ;
}
 
public Object get ( int index )
// returns the element at the specified position in this list.
{
// index must be 1 or higher
if ( index < 0 )
return null ;
Node crunchifyCurrent = null ;
if ( head ! = null ) {
crunchifyCurrent = head . getNext ( ) ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < index ; i ++ ) {
if ( crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) == null )
return null ;
 
crunchifyCurrent = crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ;
}
return crunchifyCurrent . getData ( ) ;
}
return crunchifyCurrent ;
 
}
 
// removes the element at the specified position in this list.
public boolean remove ( int index ) {
 
// if the index is out of range, exit
if ( index < 1 | | index > size ( ) )
return false ;
 
Node crunchifyCurrent = head ;
if ( head ! = null ) {
for ( int i = 0 ; i < index ; i ++ ) {
if ( crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) == null )
return false ;
 
crunchifyCurrent = crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ;
}
crunchifyCurrent . setNext ( crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) . getNext ( ) ) ;
 
// decrement the number of elements variable
decrementCounter ( ) ;
return true ;
 
}
return false ;
}
 
// returns the number of elements in this list.
public int size ( ) {
return getCounter ( ) ;
}
 
public String toString ( ) {
String output = "" ;
 
if ( head ! = null ) {
Node crunchifyCurrent = head . getNext ( ) ;
while ( crunchifyCurrent ! = null ) {
output += "[" + crunchifyCurrent . getData ( ) . toString ( ) + "]" ;
crunchifyCurrent = crunchifyCurrent . getNext ( ) ;
}
 
}
return output ;
}
 
private class Node {
// reference to the next node in the chain, or null if there isn't one.
Node next ;
 
// data carried by this node. could be of any type you need.
Object data ;
 
// Node constructor
public Node ( Object dataValue ) {
next = null ;
data = dataValue ;
}
 
// another Node constructor if we want to specify the node to point to.
@SuppressWarnings ( "unused" )
public Node ( Object dataValue , Node nextValue ) {
next = nextValue ;
data = dataValue ;
}
 
// these methods should be self-explanatory
public Object getData ( ) {
return data ;
}
 
@SuppressWarnings ( "unused" )
public void setData ( Object dataValue ) {
data = dataValue ;
}
 
public Node getNext ( ) {
return next ;
}
 
public void setNext ( Node nextValue ) {
next = nextValue ;
}
 
}
}

几样东西：

这里我们只在adding 1st element时初始化Node 。

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// Initialize Node only incase of 1st element
if ( head == null ) {
head = new Node ( data ) ;
}

结果：

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Print : crunchifyList : [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
. size ( ) : 5
. get ( 3 ) : 4 ( get element at index : 3 - list starts from 0 )
. remove ( 2 ) : true ( element removed )
. get ( 3 ) : 5 ( get element at index : 3 - list starts from 0 )
. size ( ) : 4
Print again : crunchifyList : [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]

对此实现的增强包括使其成为double-linked list ，添加从中间或末尾insert和delete的方法，以及添加get和sort方法。

来自 Laurence Gonsalves 的 Stack Overflow 的参考答案。 您可能对所有 Java 教程的列表感兴趣。