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Java 反射教程：创建 Java POJO 使用反射 API 获取 ClassName、DeclaredFields、ObjectType、SuperType 等...

已发表: 2019-06-10
Java 反射 API 示例 - 共 10 个示例 - Crunchify Tips

使用反射 API 以编程方式获取 Java 中所有声明的类字段的最佳方法

在本教程中，我将首先编写简单的 Java POJO，并将在 POJO 上执行所有 Java 反射示例。 您一定听说过术语 POJO。 什么是Plain Old Java Object ？

此外，如果您有以下问题，那么您来对地方了：

  • java – 如何创建 POJO？
  • java – 创建简单的 POJO 类
  • Java 中的普通旧 Java 对象 (POJO)
  • POJO（Plain Old Java Object）简介
  • 设计 POJO 类
  • 创建第一个 Java POJO 类人

POJO只是一个简单的、旧的Java Bean ，去掉了限制。 Java Bean 必须满足以下要求：

  1. 遵循isFoo getFoo和名为 foo 的可变属性的setFoo方法； 如果 foo 是不可变的，则不要使用 setFoo。
  2. 默认no-arg构造函数
  3. 必须实现java.io.Serializable

POJO 不强制要求任何这些。 顾名思义：在JDK下编译的对象可以被认为是Plain Old Java Object。

没有应用服务器，没有基类，不需要使用接口。

让我们创建名为CrunchifyPOJO.

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package crunchify . com . tutorials ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com Simple POJO Example
*/
 
public class CrunchifyPOJO {
 
public String name ;
protected String webAddress ;
public String email ;
protected int zip ;
 
public CrunchifyPOJO ( ) {
name = "Crunchify.com" ;
webAddress = "https://crunchify.com" ;
email = "[email protected]" ;
}
 
// ==========================================================
// Create a Setters and Getters for all variables
// ==========================================================
 
public String getName ( ) {
return name ;
}
 
public void setName ( String name ) {
this . name = name ;
}
 
protected String getWebAddress ( ) {
return webAddress ;
}
 
protected void setWebAddress ( String webAddress ) {
this . webAddress = webAddress ;
}
 
public String getEmail ( ) {
return email ;
}
 
public void setEmail ( String email ) {
this . email = email ;
}
 
protected int getZip ( ) {
return zip ;
}
 
protected void setZip ( int zip ) {
this . zip = zip ;
}
 
public void thisIsCrunchifyReflection ( ) {
System . out . println ( "- Hey This is Crunchify's Refection API tutorials. More than 400 Tutorials on Crunchify.com" ) ;
}
 
// ==========================================================
// Create a String description of a Crunchify credentials
// ==========================================================
 
public String toString ( ) {
String result = "Name: " + getName ( ) + "\n" ;
result += "WebAddress: " + getWebAddress ( ) + "\n" ;
result += "email: " + getEmail ( ) + "\n" ;
result += "zip: " + getZip ( ) + "\n" ;
return result ;
}
 
public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
 
// Create and print a CrunchifyPOJO object ...
CrunchifyPOJO crunchify = new CrunchifyPOJO ( ) ;
crunchify . setName ( "Crunchify.com" ) ;
crunchify . setWebAddress ( "https://crunchify.com" ) ;
crunchify . setEmail ( "[email protected]" ) ;
crunchify . setZip ( 95124 ) ;
System . out . println ( crunchify ) ;
}
}

结果：

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Name : Crunchify . com
WebAddress : https : //crunchify.com
email : test @ crunchify . com
zip : 95124
Java 反射 - Crunchify 教程

现在让我们有一个基于这个 POJO 的Java Reflection's Example 。

看看下面的示例类CrunchifyReflectionTutorial.java ，它涵盖了总共 9 个不同的 Java 反射 API 示例：

您正在运行 Java 程序吗？

如果您想在运行时检查类、接口、字段和方法，而在编译时不知道类、方法等的名称，该怎么办。 好吧，在反射的帮助下，这很容易实现。

反射通常由需要能够检查或修改在 Java 虚拟机中运行的应用程序的运行时行为的程序使用。

关于 Java 反射如果您有以下任何问题，那么您来对地方了：

  • 类、方法、字段的 Java 反射教程
  • 使用 Java 反射 API 进行动态类加载
  • 深入了解 Java 反射 API
  • java api反射——如何使用Constructor对象创建对象
  • 反射——如何调用 Java 方法
  • 如何在运行时使用反射调用 Java 方法
  • 没有参数的java反射调用方法
  • 如何获取类的名称、CanonicalName 和 SimpleName
  • 让我们看看类对象是否代表一个 Array 类
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package crunchify . com . tutorials ;
 
import java . lang . reflect . Constructor ;
import java . lang . reflect . Field ;
import java . lang . reflect . Method ;
 
/**
* @author Crunchify.com
*
*/
 
public class CrunchifyReflectionTutorial {
public static void main ( String [ ] args ) {
CrunchifyPOJO crunchify = new CrunchifyPOJO ( ) ;
System . out . println ( "Crunchify Object: ====================\n" + crunchify ) ;
 
// How to find out the Object belongs to which class?
Class <? > clazz = crunchify . getClass ( ) ;
 
// Example 1: ==================== How to get the Class's Name,
// CanonicalName and SimpleName?
String clazzName = clazz . getName ( ) ;
String clazzCanonicalName = clazz . getCanonicalName ( ) ;
String clazzSimpleName = clazz . getSimpleName ( ) ;
 
System . out . println ( "How to get the Class's Name, CanonicalName and SimpleName? ==================== Example 1" ) ;
System . out . println ( "1. clazzName: " + clazzName + ", \n2. clazzCanonicalName: " + clazzCanonicalName
+ ", \n3. clazzSimpleName: " + clazzSimpleName + "\n" ) ;
 
// Example 2: ==================== Let's find out if class object
// represents an Array class
int [ ] [ ] crunchifyArr = { { 1 , 1 } , { 2 , 1 } } ;
Class <? extends int [ ] [ ] > arrClazz = crunchifyArr . getClass ( ) ;
System . out . println ( "Let's find out if class object represents an Array class ==================== Example 2" ) ;
if ( arrClazz . isArray ( ) ) {
System . out . println ( "- " + arrClazz . getSimpleName ( ) + " is an array class.\n" ) ;
} else {
System . out . println ( "- " + clazz . getSimpleName ( ) + " is not an array class.\n" ) ;
}
 
// Example 3: ==================== Let's find out Object's Type
Double crunchifyDouble = 11.1 ;
System . out . println ( "Let's find out Object's Type ==================== Example 3" ) ;
System . out . println ( "- 11.1 is of Type: " + crunchifyDouble . getClass ( ) . getName ( ) + "\n" ) ;
 
// Example 4: ==================== How to get SuperClass
System . out . println ( "How to get SuperClass ==================== Example 4" ) ;
System . out . println ( "1. Superclass of crunchify: " + crunchify . getClass ( ) . getSuperclass ( )
+ "\n2. Superclass of crunchifyDouble: " + crunchifyDouble . getClass ( ) . getSuperclass ( ) + "\n" ) ;
 
// Example 5: ==================== How to check if class is Primitive
// Type of not?
System . out . println ( "How to check if class is Primitive Type of not? ==================== Example 5" ) ;
System . out . println ( "1. Is 'int' a Prmitive Type: " + int . class . isPrimitive ( ) ) ;
System . out . println ( "2. Is 'String' a Prmitive Type: " + String . class . isPrimitive ( ) ) ;
System . out . println ( "3. Is 'double' a Prmitive Type: " + double . class . isPrimitive ( ) ) ;
 
// Example 6: ==================== How to create an object using
// Constructor object?
// A constructor reflection to create a string object by calling
// String(String) and String(StringBuilder) constructors.
Class < String > clazzString = String . class ;
System . out . println ( "\nHow to create object using Constructor object? ==================== Example 6" ) ;
try {
Constructor <? > constructor = clazzString . getConstructor ( new Class [ ] { String . class } ) ;
String object = ( String ) constructor . newInstance ( new Object [ ] { "Hello World!" } ) ;
System . out . println ( "1. String.class = " + object ) ;
 
constructor = clazzString . getConstructor ( new Class [ ] { StringBuilder . class } ) ;
object = ( String ) constructor . newInstance ( new Object [ ] { new StringBuilder ( "Hello Universe!" ) } ) ;
System . out . println ( "2. StringBuilder.class = " + object ) ;
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
 
// Example 7: ==================== How to get constructors of a class
// object?
System . out . println ( "\nHow to get constructors of a class object ==================== Example 7" ) ;
try {
Constructor <? extends CrunchifyPOJO > constructor = crunchify . getClass ( ) . getConstructor ( ) ;
System . out . println ( "- Constructor = " + constructor . getName ( ) ) ;
} catch ( NoSuchMethodException e ) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
 
// Example 8: ==================== How to get field of a class object
try {
System . out . println ( "\nHow to get field of a class object ==================== Example 8" ) ;
Field [ ] methods = clazz . getFields ( ) ;
for ( Field temp : methods ) {
System . out . println ( "- " + temp . getName ( ) ) ;
}
 
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
 
// Example 9: ==================== How to invoke a method using Method
// class?
try {
System . out . println ( "\nHow to invoke a method using Method class ==================== Example 9" ) ;
Class <? > c = Class . forName ( "crunchify.com.tutorials.CrunchifyPOJO" ) ;
Object obj = c . newInstance ( ) ;
Method method = c . getDeclaredMethod ( "thisIsCrunchifyReflection" ) ;
method . invoke ( obj ) ;
} catch ( Exception e ) {
 
System . out . println ( e ) ;
}
 
// Example 10: ==================== get all Declared Class Fields
Field [ ] crunchifyFields = CrunchifyPOJO . class . getDeclaredFields ( ) ;
System . out . println ( "\nget all Declared Class Fields ==================== Example 10" ) ;
for ( Field field : crunchifyFields ) {
Class < ? > type = field . getType ( ) ;
System . out . println ( "field name : " + field . getName ( ) + " , type : " + type ) ;
}
}
 
}

结果：

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Crunchify Object : ====================
Name : Crunchify . com
WebAddress : https : //crunchify.com
email : test @ crunchify . com
zip : 0
 
How to get the Class 's Name, CanonicalName and SimpleName? ==================== Example 1
1. clazzName: crunchify.com.tutorials.CrunchifyPOJO,
2. clazzCanonicalName: crunchify.com.tutorials.CrunchifyPOJO,
3. clazzSimpleName: CrunchifyPOJO
 
Let' s find out if class object represents an Array class ==================== Example 2
- int [ ] [ ] is an array class .
 
Let 's find out Object' s Type ==================== Example 3
- 11.1 is of Type : java . lang . Double
 
How to get SuperClass ==================== Example 4
1. Superclass of crunchify : class java . lang . Object
2. Superclass of crunchifyDouble : class java . lang . Number
 
How to check if class is Primitive Type of not ? ==================== Example 5
1. Is 'int' a Prmitive Type : true
2. Is 'String' a Prmitive Type : false
3. Is 'double' a Prmitive Type : true
 
How to create object using Constructor object ? ==================== Example 6
1. String . class = Hello World !
2. StringBuilder . class = Hello Universe !
 
How to get constructors of a class object ==================== Example 7
- Constructor = crunchify . com . tutorials . CrunchifyPOJO
 
How to get field of a class object ==================== Example 8
- name
- email
 
How to invoke a method using Method class ==================== Example 9
- Hey This is Crunchify ' s Refection API tutorials . More than 400 Tutorials on Crunchify . com
 
get all Declared Class Fields ==================== Example 10
field name : name , type : class java . lang . String
field name : webAddress , type : class java . lang . String
field name : email , type : class java . lang . String
field name : zip , type : int

完整的例子是自我解释的，因为我尽力将尽可能多的系统输出放入程序本身。

试试看，如果您有任何问题，请告诉我。 快乐编码。